What is SIEM? Security information and event management explained

SIEM is now a $2 Billion industry, but only 21.9% of those companies are getting value from their SIEM, according to a recent survey.
SIEM tools are an important part of the data security ecosystem: they aggregate data from multiple systems and analyze that data to catch abnormal behavior or potential cyberattacks. SIEM tools provide a central place to collect events and alerts – but can be expensive, resource intensive, and customers report that it is often difficult to resolve problems with SIEM data.
How does SIEM work?
Logs and other data need to be exported from all your security systems into the SIEM platform. This can be achieved by SIEM agents—programs running on your various systems that analyze and export the data into the SIEM; alternately, most security systems have built-in capabilities to export log data to a central server, and your SIEM platform can import it from there.
Which option you take will depend on your network topography and bandwidth capabilities, as well as the types of systems you need to get logs from. The amount of data transmitted and processing power necessary at the end points can degrade the performance of your systems or network if you don't implement things carefully; SIEM agents at the edge can relieve some of that burden by automatically parsing out some data before even sending it over the network. At any rate, you'll want to ensure that your entire infrastructure is instrumented for SIEM, both on-prem and in the cloud.
Obviously the amount of data generated by this SIEM instrumentation is huge, more than your staff could possibly parse through. The primary value delivered by SIEM suites is that they apply data analysis to make sure that only useful information gets delivered to your security operations center. These platforms use correlation engines to attempt to connect disparate log entries or other signals that don't seem worrisome on their own but taken together can spell trouble. These engines, combined with the specific artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques used to sniff out attacks, are what various SIEM vendors use to differentiate their offerings from one another.
SIEM tools also draw information from threat intelligence feeds—basically, updated feeds of data about new forms of malware and the latest advanced persistent threats. Some of these feeds are maintained by the SIEM vendors, but others are open source or internally maintained by security teams at large organizations, and some SIEM platforms allow you to use your favorites. Other customization options include the ability to tightly integrate your SIEM platform with specific security tools.
Top SIEM tools and vendors
We noted above that SIEM was initially embraced for its ability to aid regulatory compliance; that's still an important role for these tools, and many platforms have built-in capabilities that are focused on ensuring and documenting your compliance with various laws and standards. And finally, some SIEM platforms also incorporate SOAR capabilities, which can partially or fully automate responses to the threats they detect.
Ferrill's list also looks at some of the top SIEM vendors, which make for a good guide through the landscape of this market segment:
- Exabeam
- IBM
- LogRythm
- Microsoft
- Rapid7
- RSA
- Securonix
- Splunk
- FireEye
All these different vendors have their own strengths and weaknesses. For instance, Microsoft's Azure Sentinel offering is only available on Microsoft's cloud, but easily integrates with Microsoft 365 and Windows Defender. RSA's platform is built with massive data volume in mind, while Securonix has an open architecture that makes it possible to add a wide variety of third-party analytics plug-ins.
We should take a moment to spotlight Splunk, since it was one of the first software vendors to discover gold in log file analysis. Splunk Enterprise Security draws on the company’s mature data analytics and visualization capabilities to deliver a SIEM solution integrated with threat intelligence and available in the cloud or on prem. IDC maintains that Splunk has the largest SIEM market share.
At this point, you should have a good sense of what SIEM should do for your company. But these platforms aren't cheap, and that means you need to do all you can to prepare before you roll one out. For instance, SIEM software requires high-quality data for maximum yield. And SIEM technologies are resource intensive and require experienced staff to implement, maintain and fine-tune them—staff that not all organizations have fully invested in yet.
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